Rasterization
One of the simplest rendering methods. It does not take into account additional visual effects (for example, color and shadow of the object relative to the observation point).
Raking
A 3D model is viewed from a specific, predetermined point – from a human height, bird’s-eye view, etc. From the observation point rays are directed, which determine the light shades of the object when it is viewed in the usual 2D format.
Ray tracing
This method of rendering implies that, when hitting the surface, the ray is divided into three components: reflected, shadow and refracted. This actually forms the color of the pixel. In addition, the number of separations directly affects the realism of the image.
Path tracing
One of the most complex methods of 3D-visualization. When using this method of 3D-rendering, the spread of light rays is maximally approximated to the physical laws of light propagation. This is what provides high realism of the final image. It is worth noting that this method is resource-intensive.